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Linux intro

Table of Content

Linux intro#

with Ubuntu#

O.S Kernel user space#

Linux Kernel and Distributions#

A Linux distribution is an operating system composed of the - Linux kernel - package manager. - applications - display server (GUI)

Ubuntu#

Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software. Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things devices and robots

Ubuntu versions#

  • Release Every 6 month in (4, 10)
  • LTS Release Every 2 years (20.04, 22.04)

Terminal and BASH#

  • Terminal (emulator) is a GUI to interact with the shell.
  • shell is a program that processes command and return output.
  • BASH: shell scripting language

Root tree#

pwd#

man pwd#

pwd - print name of current/working directory

pwd#

pwd
/home/user

ls#

ls --help
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
List information about the FILEs

man ls#

NAME
       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       List  information  about the FILEs (the current directory by default).  Sort entries alphabeti‐
       cally if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -a, --all
              do not ignore entries starting with .

stdin / stdout / stderr#

  • 0: stdin
  • 1: stdout
  • 2: stderr

w: 500

Filesystem#

Is the way in which files are named and where they are placed logically for storage and retrieval.

  • FAT
  • NTFS
  • EXT4

format#

man mkfs.fat

mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem

mkfs.
mkfs.bfs     mkfs.cramfs  mkfs.ext3    mkfs.fat     mkfs.msdos   mkfs.vfat                          
mkfs.btrfs   mkfs.ext2    mkfs.ext4    mkfs.minix   mkfs.ntfs

Folders / Directories#

  • mkdir
  • cd
  • rmdir
  • rm

files and permission#

  • ls
  • ll
  • ls -lah
  • cp
  • rm

files permission and owner#

  • chown
  • chmod

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